فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 119 (بهمن 1401)

Emotional processing and destructive lifestyle are among the components that impact drug abuse; However, interventions for improving the emotional processing and lifestyle of addicts have received less consideration. Therefore, considering the mechanism of the impact of compassion-based therapy and its effectiveness on the component's risk of recurrence, might this intervention be effective on the lifestyle and emotional processing of addicts?

The aim of the present study was to the effectiveness of compassion therapy intervention on the lifestyle and emotional processing of addicts in the non-drug rehabilitation phase.

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all addicts who had received a diagnosis of opioid dependence in 2021 at addiction treatment clinics in Urmia. The sample size consisted of 30 Subjects of adolescents (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The statistical population was selected by the available sampling method and placed in two groups. The compassion therapy intervention was implemented for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included the Lifestyle Scale (Lali et al., 2012) and the Emotional Processing Scale (Backer et al., 2007). Finally, Data were analyzed using the Repeated Measures ANOVA.

The results showed that compassion therapy intervention had a significant effect on lifestyle components and emotional processing (P< 0.001). So that the scores of physical health, exercise and fitness, weight control and nutrition, disease prevention, psychological health, spiritual health, social health, drug avoidance, accident prevention, and environmental health increase, and scores of suppression, Lack of emotional experience, symptoms of lack of emotional processing, lack of emotion regulation and avoidance had a significant decrease in the post-test phase and the change in scores in the follow-up phase was stable.

According to the results, it might be concluded that compassion therapy intervention improves lifestyle (Physical and psychological health, daily activities, and diet) and emotional processing (Management and processing of emotional information) in addicts in the non-drug rehabilitation phase.

The identification of factors that can explain the occurrence of moral behaviors by individuals has been studied by theorists in various studies. However, it is also important to consider why moral behaviors are not performed by people with moral identities and attitudes. Could other factors, such as benefit and cost, play a role as a consequence of moral behaviors in different situations?

In this regard, this study was conducted to investigate the predictors of adolescent moral behavior based on moral attitude, moral identity, benefit, and cost.

The design of this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all adolescents in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size consisted of 928 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and completed the Moral Behavior Scale (Delfan Beiranvand & Rashid, 2022), Moral Identity (Aquino & Reed, 2002), Moral Attitude (Delfan Beiranvand & Rashid, 2022), and Benefit and Cost Scale (Delfan Beiranvand & Rashid, 2022). Data were analyzed using variance analysis and stepwise regression

The results of this study indicated a positive significant relationship between variables of moral identity, moral attitude, situational benefit, and psychological benefit with moral behavior, and a negative significant relationship between situational cost and psychological cost with moral behavior. The results revealed that variables of situational benefit, moral attitude, situational cost, and moral identity were the most important predictors of moral behavior among adolescents, respectively, and these variables could predict 0.25% of the variance of moral behavior (R2= 0/255, R= 0/50).

Based on the research findings, it can be said that compared to moral identity and attitude, the degree of benefits and costs that is gained by performing moral behaviors in a situation can play a greater role in predicting moral behaviors. When moral behaviors are associated with more situational benefit and less situational cost, they are more likely to occur by individuals in the situations. The results of this study have significant implications for all organizations.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common disorders in childhood and adulthood and has a negative impact on the performance and academic motivation of many students. The research is whether computer cognitive rehabilitation training and concept map training are effective on attention and concentration and comprehension? And which is more effective?

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computer cognitive rehabilitation training and concept map training on attention and concentration and comprehension of students with attention deficit and concentration.

The present study is a pilot study and research design "pre-test post-test with a control group. The study population included all female adolescents in the first secondary schools of Tehran who were studying in the academic year 1300-1499. The sample of the study included 60 students who The multi-stage random method was selected and then randomly assigned to 3 groups with similar spatial and temporal conditions.The adolescents in the computer cognitive rehabilitation training group were exposed to the Captain Log program in 8 sessions of 30 minutes, the second group was trained in the map. They received a similar concept at the same time, and the control group was exposed to exactly the same time and meetings with the experimenter but without any intervention, and multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that computer cognitive rehabilitation training was effective on students' attention and concentration deficits while concentration map training was not effective on attention and concentration and also concept map training was effective on comprehension while computer cognitive rehabilitation training was effective on Comprehension was not effective. Between the two training methods, the computer cognitive rehabilitation training method was more effective on attention and concentration and there was no significant difference between the two training methods on comprehension.

Computer cognitive rehabilitation training can be used as a complementary therapy along with other educational interventions to increase attention and concentration by creating an attractive educational environment. Also, concept map training leads to the acquisition and reconstruction of cognitive structures and increase comprehension of these students.

Research has shown that many adverse reactions and problems in couples are caused by dysfunctional communication beliefs. However, despite the importance of this concept in identifying the components of dysfunctional communication beliefs of couples, there is a research gap in the study population.

The aim of this study was to investigate the dysfunctional communication beliefs of women with conflicting couples.

The present study was conducted by qualitative method and descriptive phenomenology. The study population consisted of all women with marital conflict in Tehran who had been referred to counseling centers in1400 for their conflict problem, and Sampling was performed by purposive sampling method. Nineteen people were selected and studied through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using the Colaizzi seven-step method.

In this study, 4 main themes, and 11 sub-themes. The first main theme is the interpersonal relationship of the couple (emotional relationship, destructive behavior, irrational expectations, differences of opinion and taste, sex and financial issues, and personality factors), and the second main theme is the relationship with the main family (spouse family, behavioral patterns of spouse and family), The third theme was gender issues (dual views on gender maps, gender labels, and gender stereotypes) and the last major theme was legal issues.

Based on the findings of this study, in the fields of interpersonal relationships of couples, relationships with the main family, gender issues, and legal issues, ineffective communication assistants for women were identified.

One of the social problems of human societies is behavioral and psychological incompatibility and methods of dealing with them. Undoubtedly, the issue of addressing mental health issues, prevention, and treatment of behavioral disorders will become more salient day by day.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of group games on social adjustment, anger control, and loneliness.

The study employed a semi-quasi-experimental approach in the form of a pretest-posttest design. To this end, 40 male elementary school students in the first half of the academic year 2019-2020 in Kermanshah were selected based on the convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental (n= 20) and control (n=20) groups. The instruments of the study included the Khanchi (1998) Adjustment Questionnaire, the Novako (1986) Anger Control Questionnaire, and Usher and the Wheeler (1985) Loneliness Feeling Scale.

The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed that by controlling the pre-test scores in the experimental and control groups, group games can increase social adjustment and decrease feelings of loneliness. However, there was no significant difference in the anger control scores.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that group play therapy as a series of collective and motivational activities can enhance individual skills, self-confidence, social relationships, and individual independence thereby improving the child's social and emotional adaptation.

Numerous studies showed a stable relationship between metacognition and resilience with health anxiety. On the other hand, women are the most vulnerable during accidents and disasters, and the onset of anxiety in them is more than in men. However, research on the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between metacognition and corona anxiety in women is neglected.

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between metacognition and corona anxiety.

The research method was correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population included all women referred to the health centers of the Shemiranat health network from April 4 to June 5, 2021. A total of 250 eligible women were selected through the convenience method through internet call and responded online to the metacognition and positive metacognition questionnaires (Beer, 2011) and coronavirus anxiety (Alipour et al., 2020), and resilience scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003). The data was used to analyze correlation tests and structural equation modeling using SPSS-25 and 3Smart PLS software.

There was a significant negative relationship (P <0.01) between resilience and corona anxiety and a meaningful positive relationship (P <0.01) between metacognition and resilience. Resilience mediates the relationship between metacognition and corona anxiety.

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that changing metacognition and practical resilience training can be useful in preventing the onset and continuation, and exacerbation of anxiety, especially corona anxiety in women.

Tendency to addiction as a social problem has various causes, which personality traits (psychological factor) and resilience (protective factor) are among the individual factors that play a role in the tendency to addiction. But research examining the propensity for addiction, horned personality traits, and resilience in a structural model has not yet been conducted.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between Horney's personality dimensions and resilience with addiction tendencies.

The present study was a descriptive correlation and structural equation. The statistical population of the students of Tehran Azad University in the academic year 1399-1400, 387 people were selected by convenience sampling method and three-dimensional questionnaires of Horney-Kolich (2012), Connor-Davidson (2003) and Iranian Drug Addiction Readiness Scale (Zargar et al., 2008) responded. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.

The results showed that the dimensions of obedient, aggressive, and distant personality and resilience with standard coefficients of 0.284, 0.324, 0.320, and -0.611, respectively, had a significant positive and negative effect on the tendency to consume substances. Also, resilience does not play a mediating role in the relationship between Horney's personality dimensions and addiction tendencies. Therefore, the hypothetical model was modified and the final model of the research was approved using fitness indicators.

Therefore, it can be said that personality traits play a role in addiction tendency and may be effective in developing preventive interventions for addiction tendency.

Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between attachment styles and defense mechanisms with early maladaptive schemas. On the other hand, the results of these studies have shown a significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and positive response to stress, but the structural relationship between this Variables have not been studied in any research.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relation to attachment styles and defense mechanisms with a positive response to stress married women flooded in Aq Qala city.

The present study was descriptive and of correlation and structural equations. The statistical population included women married women flooded in Aqqala city in 2019 who had health records in urban health centers and rural health houses. From this statistical population, 379 people were selected by cluster sampling. Tedeschi and Calhoun's posttraumatic growth inventory (1996), Andrews et al.'s defense styles questionnaire (1999), Hazan and Shawr adult attachment questionnaire (1987), and Young schema questionnaire short form (1994) were used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and path analysis.

The results showed that avoidance and anxiety attachment have a significant direct effect on the positive response to stress (p< 0/01) and security and anxiety attachment through mediated early maladaptive schemas have a significant indirect effect on the positive response to stress
(p< 0/05). The results also showed that the underdeveloped defense mechanism has a direct and indirect effect on the positive response to stress (p< 0/05). No significant effect was observed for developed and neuroprotective defense mechanisms.

Based on the results, it seems that early maladaptive schemas mediate the effects of variables affected by childhood development such as attachment and defense mechanisms to post-traumatic development, so it can be used in post-developmental interventions. Accident to be considered.

Recently, years have witnessed an increase of research on socio‐affective factors that can explain individual differences in aggressive tendencies between adolescence. Specifically, anger rumination and early maladaptive schemas have emerged as important factors, which could also constitute important prevention targets. Yet, recent studies have advanced the possibility that the relationship between these variables are mediated by other cognitive-emotional factors that are associated with aggression.

This study sought to elucidate relationships among early maladaptive schemas, anger rumination and aggression with mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

This study is a correlation study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of high schools in 2020-2021 in Yasouj city, among which 340 students were selected by multi-stage sampling. The research instruments consisted of Early Young Shortcoming Schematic Form (SQ-SF), Boss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation by Garnefski et al. (2002) and anger rumination scale (ARS). The reliability of the questionnaires was approved using cronbach's alpha coefficient and Evaluation of the proposed model with path analysis was done.

Results revealed expected associations between anger rumination, early maladaptive schemas and aggression, Further, analyses of indirect effects revealed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies have mediating role for relationships between anger rumination and early maladaptive schemas with aggression.

Overall, regarding the role of early maladaptive schemas, anger rumination, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in revealing and maintaining adolescent aggression, these variables can be targeted for reducing aggression.

Traditional teaching methods have faced many shortcomings that the technical advances and requirements of today's world, has necessitated the need for a new approach to education that the need for a mobile education approach is felt.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education using reverse learning on the learning of sixth grade elementary students in the course of experimental sciences.

In terms of purpose of this research as applied research and in terms of implementation and data collection method, the quasi-experimental method of pretest-posttest design with control group was used. The statistical population of the present study included all 3,000 elementary school students in Lamerd city. Sampling method in this study was available which included 60 students and were selected through available sampling. Thus, two classes of 30 people were selected from the sixth grade elementary schools of Lamerd city. In order to collect information, a researcher-made learning test of science course was used. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to infer the hypotheses.

The results of data analysis showed that reverse learning is effective on students 'learning (P <0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that education using reverse learning is effective and has increased students' learning.

Considering the many effects of using the reverse class method, which has been emphasized in most studies, it is necessary to move scientifically and with careful and codified planning towards the rational use of this method in education.

Over the recent decades, personal epistemology or the nature of human knowledge with some concepts including metacognition and theory of mind, which emphasized that people interpret the behavior of others based on their own mental beliefs, inner intentions, thoughts, feelings, and beliefs, were considered by psychologists. In congruence with previous studies, there is a research gap in children's understanding of the nature of knowledge and the impact of metacognition and theory of mind on their epistemology.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of metacognition on personal epistemology with the mediating role of theory of mind or the examination of the inner intentions and, understanding of the cause of behavior, mind, thinking, belief, and knowledge in third to sixth-grade students.

This was a fundamental and descriptive-correlational study based on purpose and data collection, respectively. The sample consisted of 303 (101 boys and 202 girls) elementary students in the third to sixth grades of Khorramabad, Iran. They were selected by stepwise cluster sampling method. Participants responded to the metacognitive skills questionnaire (Sperling et al., 2001), Streenerman Mind Theory Test (1994), and the Children's Personal Epistemology Questionnaire (Tanha et al., 2019). Besides, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The results illustrated that the proposed model had a good fit with the data. Accordingly, the direct path of metacognition on the theory of mind and personal epistemology and the direct path of the theory of mind on personal epistemology were significant (p<0/01). Also, the indirect effect of metacognition on personal epistemology through mind theory was also significant (p<0/01).

Metacognition, mind theory, and personal epistemology have theoretical common dimensions. It seems conducting more extended field studies and clarifying more aspects of this relationship can have more practical applications in the educational setting

Ineffective motivational beliefs refer to the tendency of people to evaluate performance according to low criteria and lack of effort and perseverance to succeed in homework. Dysfunctional motivational beliefs lead to depression, anxiety, decreased self-esteem, academic self-efficacy, and other psychological problems. Although identifying and measuring dysfunctional motivational beliefs is essential to prevent psychological problems, there is a research gap in the construction and validation of the scale of dysfunctional motivational beliefs in the study population.

This study aimed to construct and validate the scale of dysfunctional motivational beliefs in high school students.

The method of the study was a combination of exploratory type and instrument development model. For this purpose, the foundation was first established through a qualitative study (in the previous study) based on data theorizing, using a semi-structured interview technique that was selected and interviewed with a sample of 15 students. The text of the interviews identified dysfunctional coding and motivational beliefs in behavioral, motivational, emotional, cognitive, personal, school, and family components using 12 methods of exercise, selection, and selectivity (Strauss & Corbin, 2015). In the next stage (the present study), based on the codes obtained from the qualitative part of the research, it became a tool for measuring the dysfunctional motivational beliefs of high school students and validating them. They were studying in 1399. They were selected using Purposive sampling and responded to the dysfunctional motivational beliefs scale.

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the dysfunctional motivational beliefs scale contained 40 questions and consisted of 4 validated factors. Items 1 to 8 related to the factor of academic self-efficacy; Items 9 to 18 related to the testing anxiety factor; Items 19 to 31 related to the factor of academic credentials, and items 32 to 40 were related to the factor of homework value. Indicators of model fit in confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of this scale.

In general, the results of the study provided evidence for the validity and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire of ineffective motivational beliefs as a tool for measuring defective and inhibiting beliefs in the path of academic success of students, and it can be used as a reliable and valid tool for diagnosis used by researchers, therapists, and counselors, teachers should be placed.